Incomplete secession after unresolved conflicts : political order and escalation in the post-Soviet space
Secession Self-determination, National Recognition (International law)
Routledge
2022
EISBN 100047285X
Intro.
Half Title.
Series Page.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Acknowledgements.
List of Abbreviations.
Introduction.
Themes and contributions.
Argument in brief.
Chapter overview.
Bibliography.
Part I: Contested concepts: De-facto states and the exercise of authority in the aftermath of secessionist war.
1. From secessionist wars to incomplete secession.
Introduction.
Incomplete secession.
Norms and practices of international recognitions.
The study of unrecognised states: Towards an understanding of the conditions of incomplete secession.
Accounting for the lack of international recognition of unilateral secession: From 'frozen conflicts' to exploring the birth of de-facto states.
Accounting for the consolidation of parallel authority exercised by de-facto states: Arguments related to state-building and democratisation.
Accounting for dynamic state contestation: Arguments related to escalation in the relationship with the host state.
Limitations of existing research.
The need for conceptual innovation.
Lack of comprehension across cases of the third condition of incomplete secession.
The need for further integrated case study research with regards to elections under specific conditions of incomplete secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
2. Post-conflict political order: Conceptualising the exercise of authority under conditions of incomplete secession.
Introduction.
The study of political order.
Order, violence and the centrality of the state.
Political order and war to peace transitions.
Post-conflict political order under conditions of incomplete secession.
The two dimensions of political order.
The functional domains of political order.
The political arena.
The governance arena.
The security arena.
The levels of intensity of antagonism.
Mutual accommodation.
Chronic stalemate.
Acute confrontation.
Escalation and the politics of secession and counter-secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Part II: Political order and escalation in the post-Soviet space.
3. Political order and escalation in the Republic of Moldova: Between accommodation of secessionist demands and stalemate with Transnistria.
Introduction.
Conditions of incomplete secession.
The emergence and consolidation of post-conflict political order.
Accommodating Transnistria's secessionist demands between 1992 and 2001.
The Joint Control Commission and security interactions in the aftermath of ceasefire 1992-1995.
Collaborative governance arrangements and the focus on socio-economic cooperation 1995-1999.
Reciprocal political talks in the framework of the common state 1997-2001.
Escalatory tendencies and the failure of mediation efforts between 2001 and 2006.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: From collaborative governance arrangements to competing institutions for reintegration.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domain: From dispute to violent crises.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From reciprocity to rivalry.
The Kozak Memorandum.
New plans for settlement - The Yushchenko plan.
Elections, nationalism and the competing politics of secession and counter-secession.
The election of Vladimir Voronin in the Republic of Moldova: The end of accommodating Transnistria's secessionist demands.
Voronin's re-election.
Parallel electoral tests in Transnistria and the strengthening of the politics of secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
4. Political order and escalation in Georgia: The failure to accommodate Abkhazia's secessionist demands.
Introduction.
Conditions of incomplete secession.
The emergence and consolidation of post-conflict political order.
International mediation efforts and Georgia's policies in accommodating Abkhazia's secessionist demands between 1993 and 1997.
The establishment of political reciprocity between elites.
Stabilisation of the security environment and the establishment of collaborative governance arrangements.
Escalatory tendencies in the period 1997-2005.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security and governance functional domains.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: from political reciprocity to political rivalry.
The Boden paper.
The rise of nationalism in Georgia.
Presidential and parliamentary elections in Abkhazia and the strengthening of the politics of secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
5. Political order and escalation in Georgia: From stalemate to confrontation with South Ossetia.
Introduction.
Conditions of incomplete secession.
Post-conflict political order and stabilisation efforts in the aftermath of ceasefire.
Maintaining security in the aftermath of ceasefire.
Creating structures for political reciprocity- status proposals.
Collaborative governance arrangements at formal and informal levels.
Changes in the level of antagonism in post-conflict political order: Towards chronic stalemate with South Ossetia in the period 2001-2004.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From political reciprocity to rivalry.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: Towards competing governance arrangements.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domain.
Acute confrontation in the period 2004-2008.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domains: From violent crisis to severe crisis.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From political rivalry to hostility.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: From competition to clashing governance arrangements.
Elections and escalation towards the level of intensity of acute confrontation.
Georgia's elections and the Rose Revolution.
Elections in South Ossetia 2004-2006.
Escalation, and the nationalistic state-building projects of Georgia and South Ossetia.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Part III: Understanding the dynamics of post-conflict political order.
6. Democratisation, elections and the politics of secession and counter-secession: Understanding escalation in political order.
Introduction.
Drivers of change behind escalation in political order: Between Russian leverage and the crucial role of elections in metropolitan and de-facto states.
Democratisation and war in post-conflict environments.
Democratisation and elections in the post-Soviet space.
Information gathering throughout the electoral period.
Information regarding public support and the claiming of presidential mandates.
Parallel electoral calendars: Information regarding the fragmentation of self-determination movements and their political agendas.
Multiple voting cycles: Voter fatigue and additional information regarding public support.
Legitimacy claiming towards the implementation of the politics of secession and counter-secession.
Claims to internal legitimacy, presidential mandates and the turn to nationalism.
Voronin's nationalism and the strengthening of the politics of counter-secession in Moldova.
From nationalism in Abkhazia and the strengthening of the politics of secession to parallel nationalism and state-building in Georgia and South Ossetia.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
7. External actors and the principles of the liberal international order: Addressing the crisis of the nation state.
Introduction.
Post-Cold War multilateralism and the principles of liberal international order.
International mediation in Moldova and Georgia.
Addressing the crisis of the nation state: The lack of consensus on 'engagement without recognition'.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Conclusion.
Key findings and contributions.
The need to study conditions of incomplete secession.
The need for conceptual innovation: A focus on political orders.
Implications for future research.
Policy implications.
Bibliography.
Index.
Half Title.
Series Page.
Title Page.
Copyright Page.
Contents.
Acknowledgements.
List of Abbreviations.
Introduction.
Themes and contributions.
Argument in brief.
Chapter overview.
Bibliography.
Part I: Contested concepts: De-facto states and the exercise of authority in the aftermath of secessionist war.
1. From secessionist wars to incomplete secession.
Introduction.
Incomplete secession.
Norms and practices of international recognitions.
The study of unrecognised states: Towards an understanding of the conditions of incomplete secession.
Accounting for the lack of international recognition of unilateral secession: From 'frozen conflicts' to exploring the birth of de-facto states.
Accounting for the consolidation of parallel authority exercised by de-facto states: Arguments related to state-building and democratisation.
Accounting for dynamic state contestation: Arguments related to escalation in the relationship with the host state.
Limitations of existing research.
The need for conceptual innovation.
Lack of comprehension across cases of the third condition of incomplete secession.
The need for further integrated case study research with regards to elections under specific conditions of incomplete secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
2. Post-conflict political order: Conceptualising the exercise of authority under conditions of incomplete secession.
Introduction.
The study of political order.
Order, violence and the centrality of the state.
Political order and war to peace transitions.
Post-conflict political order under conditions of incomplete secession.
The two dimensions of political order.
The functional domains of political order.
The political arena.
The governance arena.
The security arena.
The levels of intensity of antagonism.
Mutual accommodation.
Chronic stalemate.
Acute confrontation.
Escalation and the politics of secession and counter-secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Part II: Political order and escalation in the post-Soviet space.
3. Political order and escalation in the Republic of Moldova: Between accommodation of secessionist demands and stalemate with Transnistria.
Introduction.
Conditions of incomplete secession.
The emergence and consolidation of post-conflict political order.
Accommodating Transnistria's secessionist demands between 1992 and 2001.
The Joint Control Commission and security interactions in the aftermath of ceasefire 1992-1995.
Collaborative governance arrangements and the focus on socio-economic cooperation 1995-1999.
Reciprocal political talks in the framework of the common state 1997-2001.
Escalatory tendencies and the failure of mediation efforts between 2001 and 2006.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: From collaborative governance arrangements to competing institutions for reintegration.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domain: From dispute to violent crises.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From reciprocity to rivalry.
The Kozak Memorandum.
New plans for settlement - The Yushchenko plan.
Elections, nationalism and the competing politics of secession and counter-secession.
The election of Vladimir Voronin in the Republic of Moldova: The end of accommodating Transnistria's secessionist demands.
Voronin's re-election.
Parallel electoral tests in Transnistria and the strengthening of the politics of secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
4. Political order and escalation in Georgia: The failure to accommodate Abkhazia's secessionist demands.
Introduction.
Conditions of incomplete secession.
The emergence and consolidation of post-conflict political order.
International mediation efforts and Georgia's policies in accommodating Abkhazia's secessionist demands between 1993 and 1997.
The establishment of political reciprocity between elites.
Stabilisation of the security environment and the establishment of collaborative governance arrangements.
Escalatory tendencies in the period 1997-2005.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security and governance functional domains.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: from political reciprocity to political rivalry.
The Boden paper.
The rise of nationalism in Georgia.
Presidential and parliamentary elections in Abkhazia and the strengthening of the politics of secession.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
5. Political order and escalation in Georgia: From stalemate to confrontation with South Ossetia.
Introduction.
Conditions of incomplete secession.
Post-conflict political order and stabilisation efforts in the aftermath of ceasefire.
Maintaining security in the aftermath of ceasefire.
Creating structures for political reciprocity- status proposals.
Collaborative governance arrangements at formal and informal levels.
Changes in the level of antagonism in post-conflict political order: Towards chronic stalemate with South Ossetia in the period 2001-2004.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From political reciprocity to rivalry.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: Towards competing governance arrangements.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domain.
Acute confrontation in the period 2004-2008.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the security functional domains: From violent crisis to severe crisis.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the political functional domain: From political rivalry to hostility.
The process of escalation and the exercise of authority in the governance functional domain: From competition to clashing governance arrangements.
Elections and escalation towards the level of intensity of acute confrontation.
Georgia's elections and the Rose Revolution.
Elections in South Ossetia 2004-2006.
Escalation, and the nationalistic state-building projects of Georgia and South Ossetia.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Part III: Understanding the dynamics of post-conflict political order.
6. Democratisation, elections and the politics of secession and counter-secession: Understanding escalation in political order.
Introduction.
Drivers of change behind escalation in political order: Between Russian leverage and the crucial role of elections in metropolitan and de-facto states.
Democratisation and war in post-conflict environments.
Democratisation and elections in the post-Soviet space.
Information gathering throughout the electoral period.
Information regarding public support and the claiming of presidential mandates.
Parallel electoral calendars: Information regarding the fragmentation of self-determination movements and their political agendas.
Multiple voting cycles: Voter fatigue and additional information regarding public support.
Legitimacy claiming towards the implementation of the politics of secession and counter-secession.
Claims to internal legitimacy, presidential mandates and the turn to nationalism.
Voronin's nationalism and the strengthening of the politics of counter-secession in Moldova.
From nationalism in Abkhazia and the strengthening of the politics of secession to parallel nationalism and state-building in Georgia and South Ossetia.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
7. External actors and the principles of the liberal international order: Addressing the crisis of the nation state.
Introduction.
Post-Cold War multilateralism and the principles of liberal international order.
International mediation in Moldova and Georgia.
Addressing the crisis of the nation state: The lack of consensus on 'engagement without recognition'.
Conclusion.
Bibliography.
Conclusion.
Key findings and contributions.
The need to study conditions of incomplete secession.
The need for conceptual innovation: A focus on political orders.
Implications for future research.
Policy implications.
Bibliography.
Index.
