Adverbial clauses in Mandarin Chinese : a corpus-based study
Chinese language FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDY sähkökirjat
Peter Lang
2013
EISBN 9783035104974
Acknowledgements 13; Abbreviations 15; Chinese Adverbial Subordinators 17; Chapter One: Introduction 19; 1.1 Corpus-based approach to studying adverbial clauses 19; 1.2 Research objectives and the organisation of the book 20; 1.2.1 Brief chapter summaries 22; Chapter Two: General Review 25; 2.1 Defining corpus 25; 2.2 Chinese corpora and their application 26; 2.2.1 A survey of corpora of written Chinese 27; 2.2.2 The PFR Chinese Corpus 28; 2.2.2.1 The PFR tagset 29; 2.2.2.2 The format of the PFR corpus 31.
2.2.2.3 Modifications to the PFR Chinese Corpus: The use of "underscore" and the breakdown into subcorpora 332.2.2.4 The annotation of the sentence boundaries 33; 2.3 An overview of adverbial clauses 35; 2.3.1 Characterisation of adverbial clauses 35; 2.3.1.1 Distinguishing adverbial clauses from complement clauses and relative clauses 36; 2.3.2 Corpus-based approaches to adverbial clauses 37; 2.3.2.1 Syntactic/semantic analyses of adverbial clauses 37; 2.3.2.2 Discourse analyses of adverbial clauses 38; 2.4 Chapter summary 43.
3.5.1 Detailed description of parsing symbols 653.5.1.1 Adverbial clause (Fa) 65; 3.5.1.2 Correlative clause (Fc) 68; 3.5.1.3 Main clause (Fm) 69; 3.5.1.4 Adverbial idiom/set phrase (Ia) 71; 3.5.1.5 Adjective phrase (J) 72; 3.5.1.6 Adverbial adjective phrase (Ja) 74; 3.5.1.7 Noun phrase (N) 76; 3.5.1.8 Adverbial noun phrase (Na) 77; 3.5.1.9 Prepositional phrase (P) 78; 3.5.1.10 Adverbial prepositional phrase (Pa) 79; 3.5.1.11 Adverb phrase (R) 81; 3.5.1.12 Sentence (S) 82; 3.5.1.13 Verb phrase (V) 84; 3.5.1.14 Adverbial verb phrase (Va) 86; 3.5.1.15 Verbal Object (Vo) 87.
3.5.1.16 Initial (&) and non-initial conjunct (+) 923.5.2 Issues arising from the application of the scheme 93; 3.5.2.1 Underspecification -Use of unlabelled bracketings 94; 3.5.2.2 Bracketing of multi-word constituents 96; 3.5.2.3 Bracketing of single-word constituents 97; 3.5.2.4 Punctuation 98; 3.5.2.5 Ambiguity 99; 3.6 The process of skeleton parsing 100; 3.6.1 The basic concept of skeleton parsing 100; 3.6.2 Difficulties in skeleton parsing Chinese text 100; 3.6.2.1 Ba constructions 101; 3.6.2.2 Idioms or set phrases 103; 3.6.2.3 Lengthy premodifiers of a noun phrase 103; 3.6.2.4 Serial verb constructions 104.
Chapter Three: Treebanking: The Compilation of a Sample PFR Corpus of Skeleton-parsed Sentences 453.1 Introduction 45; 3.2 An overview of past parsing projects 46; 3.3 PFR Sample Skeleton Treebank: Text selection 50; 3.4 PFR Sample Skeleton Treebank: Parsing scheme 50; 3.4.1 UCREL skeleton parsing annotation scheme 51; 3.4.2 PFR skeleton parsing labels 55; 3.4.2.1 Selection and coding of parsing labels 60; 3.4.2.2 Set of annotation devices used 62; 3.4.2.3 Insertion of textual annotations 63; 3.4.2.4 Layers of annotation undertaken 63; 3.5 Guidelines of skeleton parsing 64.
2.2.2.3 Modifications to the PFR Chinese Corpus: The use of "underscore" and the breakdown into subcorpora 332.2.2.4 The annotation of the sentence boundaries 33; 2.3 An overview of adverbial clauses 35; 2.3.1 Characterisation of adverbial clauses 35; 2.3.1.1 Distinguishing adverbial clauses from complement clauses and relative clauses 36; 2.3.2 Corpus-based approaches to adverbial clauses 37; 2.3.2.1 Syntactic/semantic analyses of adverbial clauses 37; 2.3.2.2 Discourse analyses of adverbial clauses 38; 2.4 Chapter summary 43.
3.5.1 Detailed description of parsing symbols 653.5.1.1 Adverbial clause (Fa) 65; 3.5.1.2 Correlative clause (Fc) 68; 3.5.1.3 Main clause (Fm) 69; 3.5.1.4 Adverbial idiom/set phrase (Ia) 71; 3.5.1.5 Adjective phrase (J) 72; 3.5.1.6 Adverbial adjective phrase (Ja) 74; 3.5.1.7 Noun phrase (N) 76; 3.5.1.8 Adverbial noun phrase (Na) 77; 3.5.1.9 Prepositional phrase (P) 78; 3.5.1.10 Adverbial prepositional phrase (Pa) 79; 3.5.1.11 Adverb phrase (R) 81; 3.5.1.12 Sentence (S) 82; 3.5.1.13 Verb phrase (V) 84; 3.5.1.14 Adverbial verb phrase (Va) 86; 3.5.1.15 Verbal Object (Vo) 87.
3.5.1.16 Initial (&) and non-initial conjunct (+) 923.5.2 Issues arising from the application of the scheme 93; 3.5.2.1 Underspecification -Use of unlabelled bracketings 94; 3.5.2.2 Bracketing of multi-word constituents 96; 3.5.2.3 Bracketing of single-word constituents 97; 3.5.2.4 Punctuation 98; 3.5.2.5 Ambiguity 99; 3.6 The process of skeleton parsing 100; 3.6.1 The basic concept of skeleton parsing 100; 3.6.2 Difficulties in skeleton parsing Chinese text 100; 3.6.2.1 Ba constructions 101; 3.6.2.2 Idioms or set phrases 103; 3.6.2.3 Lengthy premodifiers of a noun phrase 103; 3.6.2.4 Serial verb constructions 104.
Chapter Three: Treebanking: The Compilation of a Sample PFR Corpus of Skeleton-parsed Sentences 453.1 Introduction 45; 3.2 An overview of past parsing projects 46; 3.3 PFR Sample Skeleton Treebank: Text selection 50; 3.4 PFR Sample Skeleton Treebank: Parsing scheme 50; 3.4.1 UCREL skeleton parsing annotation scheme 51; 3.4.2 PFR skeleton parsing labels 55; 3.4.2.1 Selection and coding of parsing labels 60; 3.4.2.2 Set of annotation devices used 62; 3.4.2.3 Insertion of textual annotations 63; 3.4.2.4 Layers of annotation undertaken 63; 3.5 Guidelines of skeleton parsing 64.
